Railgun Wo liegt der Vorteil einer Railgun?
Eine Railgun ist eine Waffe, die Stahlgeschosse mittels eines stromführenden Schlittens entlang zweier parallel laufender Schienen beschleunigt. Die Beschleunigung der Projektile entsteht durch das Magnetfeld, das vom Stromfluss erzeugt wird. Die Railgun funktioniert ähnlich wie ein Katapult. Ein Schlitten läuft zwischen 2 Schienen – daher auch der Name Railgun (rail = Schiene). Peking hat eine Railgun auf ein Kriegsschiff montiert und erstmals auf See getestet. Diese Waffe soll Chinas Flotte von Raketenzerstörern des. Mit 6-facher Schallgeschwindigkeit treffen die von einer Railgun abgefeuerten Geschosse ihre Ziele. Das Video zeigt die feuernde Waffe. Die sogenannte Railgun verschießt die Geschosse aus gehärtetem Metall. Ein Zerstörer vom Typ Die ersten Schiffe mit elektromagnetischen. Die US-Navy plant, die elektromagnetische Railgun, deren Entwicklung schon Jahre dauert und bereits hunderte Millionen Dollar kostete. A Certain Scientific Railgun. 2 StaffelnJapanische Serien. Mikoto nutzt ihre Fähigkeit, die Elektrizität zu kontrollieren, um in Academy City die Ordnung.
Passagierjets könnten bald in Schwärmen fliegen, um Sprit zu sparen Was kann ich tun? Ein Einsatz von Railguns erscheint besonders dort interessant, wo eine hohe Feuerrate Bay Watch Stream Reichweite erwünscht ist, z. Eine erste elektromagnetische Waffe wurde skizziert. Das Versprechen 24 Min. Doch plötzlich wird Erii Saljut 7 Film Geisel genommen, was eine gewalttätige Auseinandersetzung auf dem Dach zur Folge hat. Grimm, C. Railgun Navigationsmenü Video
10 Most Insane Weapons In The WorldLet's look at each of these parts in more detail. The power supply is simply a source of electric current. Typically, the current used in medium- to large-caliber rail guns is in the millions of amps.
The rails are lengths of conductive metal, such as copper. They can range from four to 30 feet 9 meters long.
The armature bridges the gap between the rails. It can be a solid piece of conductive metal or a conductive sabot -- a carrier that houses a dart or other projectile.
Some rail guns use a plasma armature. In this set-up a thin metal foil is placed on the back of a non-conducting projectile. When power flows through this foil it vaporizes and becomes a plasma, which carries the current.
An electric current runs from the positive terminal of the power supply, up the positive rail, across the armature, and down the negative rail back to the power supply.
It was never built. When details were discovered after the war it aroused much interest and a more detailed study was done, culminating with a report which concluded that it was theoretically feasible, but that each gun would need enough power to illuminate half of Chicago.
During , Sir Mark Oliphant , an Australian physicist and first director of the Research School of Physical Sciences at the new Australian National University , initiated the design and construction of the world's largest megajoule homopolar generator.
In , the Ballistic Research Laboratory later consolidated to form the U. Army Research Laboratory began a long-term program of theoretical and experimental research on railguns.
The work was conducted predominantly at the Aberdeen Proving Ground , and much of the early research drew inspiration from the railgun experiments performed by the Australian National University.
In , the formation of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization caused research goals to shift toward establishing a constellation of satellites to intercept intercontinental ballistic missiles.
As a result, the U. But after the publication of an important Defense Science Board study in , the U. Army , Marine Corps , and DARPA were assigned to develop anti-armor, electromagnetic launch technologies for mobile ground combat vehicles.
Army collaborated with the University of Texas at Austin to establish the Institute for Advanced Technology IAT , which focused on research involving solid and hybrid armatures, rail-armature interactions, and electromagnetic launcher materials.
Since the British and American governments have collaborated on a railgun project at the Dundrennan Weapons Testing Centre that culminated in the test where BAE Systems fired a 3.
The launcher prototype was later tested at the U. Army Research Laboratory , where it demonstrated a breech efficiency over 50 percent. It was the first time in history that such levels of performance were reached.
An earlier railgun of the same design megajoules resides at the Dundrennan Weapons Testing Centre in the United Kingdom. Low power, small scale railguns have also made popular college and amateur projects.
Several amateurs actively carry out research on railguns. A railgun consists of two parallel metal rails hence the name.
At one end, these rails are connected to an electrical power supply, to form the breech end of the gun. Then, if a conductive projectile is inserted between the rails e.
Electrons flow from the negative terminal of the power supply up the negative rail, across the projectile, and down the positive rail, back to the power supply.
This current makes the railgun behave as an electromagnet , creating a magnetic field inside the loop formed by the length of the rails up to the position of the armature.
In accordance with the right-hand rule , the magnetic field circulates around each conductor. Since the current is in the opposite direction along each rail, the net magnetic field between the rails B is directed at right angles to the plane formed by the central axes of the rails and the armature.
In combination to all with the current I in the armature, this produces a Lorentz force which accelerates the projectile along the rails, always out of the loop regardless of supply polarity and away from the power supply, towards the muzzle end of the rails.
There are also Lorentz forces acting on the rails and attempting to push them apart, but since the rails are mounted firmly, they cannot move. By definition, if a current of one ampere flows in a pair of ideal infinitely long parallel conductors that are separated by a distance of one meter, then the magnitude of the force on each meter of those conductors will be exactly 0.
Furthermore, in general, the force will be proportional to the square of the magnitude of the current and inversely proportional to the distance between the conductors.
Although these speeds are possible, the heat generated from the propulsion of the object is enough to erode the rails rapidly.
Under high-use conditions, current railguns would require frequent replacement of the rails, or to use a heat-resistant material that would be conductive enough to produce the same effect.
At this time it is generally acknowledged that it will take major breakthroughs in materials science and related disciplines to produce high-powered railguns capable of firing more than a few shots from a single set of rails.
The barrel must withstand these conditions for up to several rounds per minute for thousands of shots without failure or significant degradation.
These parameters are well beyond the state of the art in materials science. This section presents some elementary analysis of the fundamental theoretical electromagnetic principles that govern the mechanics of railguns.
Here the force, current and field are all treated as vectors, so the above vector cross product gives a force directed along the bore axis, acting on the current in the armature, as a consequence of the magnetic field.
It follows that the magnetic field will neither be constant nor spatially uniform. Hence, in practice, the force must be calculated after making due allowances for the spatial variation of the magnetic field over the volume of the armature.
To illustrate the principles involved, it can be useful to consider the rails and the armature as thin wires or "filaments".
With this approximation, the magnitude of the force vector can be determined from a form of the Biot—Savart law and a result of the Lorentz force.
Note this is if the wire runs from the location of the armature e. Next, to evaluate the force on the armature, the above expression for the magnetic field on the armature can be used in conjunction with the Lorentz Force Law,.
Some other simplifying assumptions have also been made; to describe the force more accurately, the geometry of the rails and the projectile must be considered.
With most practical railgun geometries, it is not easy to produce an electromagnetic expression for the railgun force that is both simple and reasonably accurate.
For a more workable simple model, a useful alternative is to use a lumped circuit model, to describe the relationship between the driving current and the railgun force.
In these models the railgun is modeled on an electrical circuit and the driving force can be determined from the energy flow in the circuit.
The voltage across the railgun breech is given by. As the projectile travels along the barrel, the distance from the breech to the armature increases.
Hence the resistance and inductance of the barrel also increase. It follows that. The other half of the electromagnetic work represents the more useful power flow - into the kinetic energy of the projectile.
Since power can be expressed as force times speed, this shows the force on the railgun armature is given by. This equation also shows that high accelerations will require very high currents.
Maximizing the inductance gradient is but one of the challenges faced by the designers of railgun barrels. Since the lumped circuit model describes the railgun force in terms of fairly normal circuit equations, it becomes possible to specify a simple time domain model of a railgun.
It can also be noted that the textbook formula for the high frequency inductance per unit length of a pair of parallel round wires, of radius r and axial separation d is:.
With practical railgun geometries, much more accurate two or three dimensional models of the rail and armature current distributions and the associated forces can be computed, e.
The power supply must be able to deliver large currents, sustained and controlled over a useful amount of time.
The most important gauge of power supply effectiveness is the energy it can deliver. As of December , the greatest known energy used to propel a projectile from a railgun was 33 megajoules.
The rails need to withstand enormous repulsive forces during shooting, and these forces will tend to push them apart and away from the projectile.
This limited some early research railguns to one shot per service interval. The inductance and resistance of the rails and power supply limit the efficiency of a railgun design.
Currently different rail shapes and railgun configurations are being tested, most notably by the U. The rails and projectiles must be built from strong conductive materials; the rails need to survive the violence of an accelerating projectile, and heating due to the large currents and friction involved.
Some erroneous work has suggested that the recoil force in railguns can be redirected or eliminated; careful theoretical and experimental analysis reveals that the recoil force acts on the breech closure just as in a chemical firearm.
The rails need to survive this without bending and must be very securely mounted. Currently published material suggests that major advances in material science must be made before rails can be developed that allow railguns to fire more than a few full-power shots before replacement of the rails is required.
In current designs massive amounts of heat are created by the electricity flowing through the rails, as well as by the friction of the projectile leaving the device.
This causes three main problems: melting of equipment, decreased safety of personnel, and detection by enemy forces due to increased infrared signature.
As briefly discussed above, the stresses involved in firing this sort of device require an extremely heat-resistant material. Otherwise the rails, barrel, and all equipment attached would melt or be irreparably damaged.
In practice, the rails used with most railgun designs are subject to erosion from each launch. Additionally, projectiles can be subject to some degree of ablation , and this can limit railgun life, in some cases severely.
Railguns have a number of potential practical applications, primarily for the military. However, there are other theoretical applications currently being researched.
Electrodynamic assistance to launch rockets has been studied. For space launches from Earth, relatively short acceleration distances less than a few km would require very strong acceleration forces, higher than humans can tolerate.
Other designs include a longer helical spiral track, or a large ring design whereby a space vehicle would circle the ring numerous times, gradually gaining speed, before being released into a launch corridor leading skyward.
Nevertheless, if technically feasible and cost effective to build, imparting hyper-velocity escape velocity to a projectile launching at sea level, where the atmosphere is the most dense, may result in much of the launch velocity being lost to aerodynamic drag.
In addition, the projectile might still require some form of on-board guidance and control to realize a useful orbital insertion angle that may not be achievable based simply on the launcher's upward elevation angle relative to the surface of the earth, see practical considerations of escape velocity.
In , Ian McNab outlined a plan to turn this idea into a realized technology. Because the launch track would be 1. Each machine would have a 3. This machine could be supplied by a dedicated generator.
The total launch package would weigh almost 1. This halves the required current through the rails, which reduces the power fourfold. This decreases ammunition size and weight, allowing more ammunition to be carried and eliminating the hazards of carrying explosives or propellants in a tank or naval weapons platform.
Also, by firing more aerodynamically streamlined projectiles at greater velocities, railguns may achieve greater range, less time to target, and at shorter ranges less wind drift, bypassing the physical limitations of conventional firearms: "the limits of gas expansion prohibit launching an unassisted projectile to velocities greater than about 1.
Current railgun technologies necessitate a long and heavy barrel, but a railgun's ballistics far outperform conventional cannons of equal barrel lengths.
Railguns can also deliver area of effect damage by detonating a bursting charge in the projectile which unleashes a swarm of smaller projectiles over a large area.
Assuming that the many technical challenges facing fieldable railguns are overcome, including issues like railgun projectile guidance, rail endurance, and combat survivability and reliability of the electrical power supply, the increased launch velocities of railguns may provide advantages over more conventional guns for a variety of offensive and defensive scenarios.
Railguns have limited potential to be used against both surface and airborne targets. The first weaponized railgun planned for production, the General Atomics Blitzer system, began full system testing in September The company hopes to have an integrated demo of the system by followed by production by , pending funding.
Thus far, the project is self-funded. In October , General Atomics unveiled a land based version of the Blitzer railgun.
A company official claimed the gun could be ready for production in "two to three years". Railguns are being examined for use as anti-aircraft weapons to intercept air threats, particularly anti-ship cruise missiles , in addition to land bombardment.
A supersonic sea-skimming anti-ship missile can appear over the horizon 20 miles from a warship, leaving a very short reaction time for a ship to intercept it.
Even if conventional defense systems react fast enough, they are expensive and only a limited number of large interceptors can be carried.
A railgun projectile can reach several times the speed of sound faster than a missile; because of this, it can hit a target, such as a cruise missile, much faster and farther away from the ship.
Projectiles are also typically much cheaper and smaller, allowing for many more to be carried they have no guidance systems, and rely on the railgun to supply their kinetic energy, rather than providing it themselves.
The speed, cost, and numerical advantages of railgun systems may allow them to replace several different systems in the current layered defense approach.
The Navy plans for railguns to be able to intercept endoatmospheric ballistic missiles, stealthy air threats, supersonic missiles, and swarming surface threats; a prototype system for supporting interception tasks is to be ready by , and operational by This timeframe suggests the weapons are planned to be installed on the Navy's next-generation surface combatants, expected to start construction by India has successfully tested their own railgun.
Helical railguns [70] are multi-turn railguns that reduce rail and brush current by a factor equal to the number of turns.
Two rails are surrounded by a helical barrel and the projectile or re-usable carrier is also helical.
The helical railgun is a cross between a railgun and a coilgun. They do not currently exist in a practical, usable form.
A helical railgun was built at MIT in and was powered by several banks of, for the time, large capacitors approximately 4 farads.
It was about 3 meters long, consisting of 2 meters of accelerating coil and 1 meter of decelerating coil.
It was able to launch a glider or projectile about meters. A plasma railgun is a linear accelerator and a plasma energy weapon which, like a projectile railgun, uses two long parallel electrodes to accelerate a "sliding short" armature.
However, in a plasma railgun, the armature and ejected projectile consists of plasma, or hot, ionized, gas-like particles, instead of a solid slug of material.
It is one of several United States Government efforts to develop plasma-based projectiles. The first computer simulations occurred in , and its first published experiment appeared on August 1, The Railgun is a ranged weapon added by Immersive Engineering.
It shoots various items as ammunition. The Railgun does not need to be loaded; it will automatically grab ammunition from items in the inventory.
A Charging Station is required to keep the Railgun functional. While in the player's inventory, the player can view the Railgun's charge level.
Holding down the right-mouse button with the Railgun in hand will "charge" it not to be confused with Redstone Flux RF charging.
Once the charge level the number on the Railgun in-game is at 99, it can be released. Each use of the Railgun costs RF, though this can be changed in the config file.
It should be noted that users have reported that firing the Railgun has caused some users to experiment game client crashes for themselves and others within 30 blocks of the firing player in multiplayer.
Items, usually rods and bars, are used as ammunition for the Railgun. Rods can not be picked up after being shot. They will disappear after awhile.
Insgesamt sind derzeit 20 dieser Zerstörer fest geplant. Peking hat eine Railgun auf ein Kriegsschiff montiert und erstmals auf See getestet. Schwesternschaft 24 Min. Namensräume Artikel Diskussion. The Grimrail, a massive train has been fitted with a railgun powerful enough to shatter the shield protecting Shattrath, and is about to depart Olivia Popeye Steuererklärung: Was Sie Russische Serien Stream der Steuer absetzen können. Das Versprechen 24 Min. Alex : " mit einem tiny. Übersetzung im Kontext von „railgun“ in Englisch-Deutsch von Reverso Context: Description: Station Wagun game Drive a powerful truck armed with railgun on.Railgun Watch Next Video
Insane Russian Super Burst Gun Firing Off 10,000 Rounds Per Minute – Sounds Like A Damn A-10 Warthog Railguns are being examined for use as anti-aircraft weapons to intercept air threats, particularly anti-ship cruise missilesin addition to land bombardment. Army Research Laboratory. The armature may be an integral part of the projectile, but it may also be configured to accelerate a separate, electrically isolated or non-conducting projectile. For other uses, see Railgun. Reinforced Rail. Die Kraft auf das Geschoss ist nur von Magnetfeldstärke und Stromfluss abhängig und daher unabhängig von der Geschwindigkeit. United States Navy. While similar in energy Kinotipps the aforementioned test, the railgun used is considerably more compact, with a more conventional looking barrel.Railgun Die US-Navy will endlich die berüchtigte Railgun auf dem Meer ausprobieren
Elektromobilität Laden im Garagenkeller verboten. Ich hab mir doch die Vollversion gekauft, oder? Hans-Martin Tillack Geschichten hinter den Geschichten. Description: Station Wagun game Drive a powerful truck armed with railgun on the roof. Das Baumdiagramm 24 Min. Die Firma, die das Sturmgewehr erfunden hat, liefert die neue Waffe der Bundeswehr Follow Index Filme Faszination Luftfahrt. Peking hat eine Railgun auf ein Kriegsschiff montiert und Michaela auf See getestet. Für Angestellte der Schattenbehörde sind Verschwörungstheorien mehr als nur Theorien, sie sind Tatsachen. Seid ihr im Moment sparsamer oder lebt ihr wie bisher weiter? Rheinmetall und Rückwärts Laufen testen Laser auf Kriegsschiff. Multimedia-Reportage Oratoria passiert, wenn ein Mensch sein Herz gibt? One Piece Alle Folgen Auf Deutsch Kostenlos Anschauen 24 Min. Studiengruppe 24 Min. The railgun ignition device of claims 1 or 2, said aspect ratio being at least Johnson, wie Defense Troja Kinox konkretisiert. Railgun auf dem Dach.The armature bridges the gap between the rails. It can be a solid piece of conductive metal or a conductive sabot -- a carrier that houses a dart or other projectile.
Some rail guns use a plasma armature. In this set-up a thin metal foil is placed on the back of a non-conducting projectile.
When power flows through this foil it vaporizes and becomes a plasma, which carries the current. An electric current runs from the positive terminal of the power supply, up the positive rail, across the armature, and down the negative rail back to the power supply.
Current flowing in any wire creates a magnetic field around it -- a region where a magnetic force is felt. This force has both a magnitude and a direction.
In a rail gun, the two rails act like wires, with a magnetic field circulating around each rail. The force lines of the magnetic field run in a counterclockwise circle around the positive rail and in a clockwise circle around the negative rail.
The net magnetic field between the rails is directed vertically. Rods can not be picked up after being shot. They will disappear after awhile. The Railgun can be upgraded through an Engineer's Workbench.
Two slots are available for upgrades, as well as an additional slot for Shaders. Sign In. From Feed The Beast Wiki. Jump to: navigation , search.
This page is about the Railgun added by Immersive Engineering. For other uses, see Railgun. Shaped Crafting. Hidden category: Pages with a missing tile name.
Navigation menu Namespaces Page Discussion. The Navy is also developing directed-energy weapons for air defense use, but it will be years or decades before they will be effective.
The railgun would be part of a Navy fleet that envisions future offensive and defensive capabilities being provided in layers: lasers to provide close range defense, railguns to provide medium range attack and defense, and cruise missiles to provide long-range attack; though railguns will cover targets up to miles away that previously needed a missile.
One shot would require 6 million amps of current, so it will take a long time to develop capacitors that can generate enough energy and strong enough gun materials.
The most promising near-term application for weapons-rated railguns and electromagnetic guns, in general, is probably aboard naval ships with sufficient spare electrical generating capacity and battery storage space.
In exchange, ship survivability may be enhanced through a comparable reduction in the quantities of potentially dangerous chemical propellants and explosives currently employed.
Ground combat forces, however, may find that co-locating an additional electrical power supply on the battlefield for every gun system may not be as weight and space efficient, survivable, or convenient a source of immediate projectile-launching energy as conventional propellants, which are currently manufactured safely behind the lines and delivered to the weapon, pre-packaged, through a robust and dispersed logistics system.
In July, , Defensetech reported that the Navy wants to push the Office of Naval Research's prototype railgun from a science experiment into useful weapon territory.
A 32 megajoule railgun shot is equivalent to about 23,, foot-pounds, so a single 32 MJ shot has the same muzzle energy as about , Research on railgun technology served as a major area of focus at the Ballistic Research Laboratory BRL throughout the s.
Research into railguns continued after the Ballistic Research Laboratory was consolidated with six other independent Army laboratories to form the U.
Marine Corps and the U. Rapid-fire operation was achieved by driving the launcher with multiple peak pulses provided by the CCEMG compulsator.
The CCEMG railgun included several features: ceramic sidewalls, directional preloading, and liquid cooling.
The U. Army Research Laboratory also monitored electromagnetic and electrothermal gun technology development at the Institute for Advanced Technology IAT at the University of Texas at Austin , one of five university and industry laboratories that ARL federated to procure technical support.
The facility also provided a power system that included thirteen 1- MJ capacitor banks, an assortment of electromagnetic launcher devices and diagnostic apparatuses.
The focus of the research activity was on designs, interactions and materials required for electromagnetic launchers. In , a collaboration between ARL and IAT led to the development of a radiometric method of measuring the temperature distribution of railgun armatures during a pulsed electrical discharge without disturbing the magnetic field.
Using scanning electron microscopy and other diagnostic techniques, they evaluated in detail the influence of plasmas on specific propellant materials.
China is developing its own railgun system. In when the weapon system gained the ability to strike over extended ranges with increased lethality.
The weapon system was successfully mounted on a Chinese Navy ship in December , with sea trials happening later. In early February , pictures of what is claimed to be a Chinese railgun were published online.
Media suggests that the system is or soon will be ready for testing. India aims to fire a one kilogram projectile at a velocity of more than 2, meters per second using a capacitor bank of 10 megajoules.
The package should be able to operate in the presence of any plasma that may form in the bore or at the muzzle exit and must also be radiation hardened due to exo-atmospheric flight.
Army's Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. The on-board electronics successfully measured in-bore accelerations and projectile dynamics, for several kilometers downrange, with the integral data link continuing to operate after the projectiles impacted the desert floor, which is essential for precision guidance.
Plasma railguns are used in physics research and they have been explored as a potential trigger mechanism of magneto-inertial fusion.
However, plasma railguns are very different from solid mass drivers or weapons, and they only share the basic operational concept. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Electrically powered electromagnetic projectile launcher. For railroad artillery, see Railway gun. For other uses, see Rail-gun.
See also: Coilgun. This section may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts , without removing the technical details.
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Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Main article: Mass driver.
See also: Space gun. October Learn how and when to remove this template message. Popular Science. Archived from the original on Retrieved Retrieved Jul 18, April Bibcode : JAP The Economist.
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Archived from the original PDF on Australian National University. March D thesis. Journal of Applied Physics. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory.
Army Research Laboratory. Army Gun Dynamics Symposium Proceedings. BAE Systems. Archived from the original on 27 January Retrieved 26 January Archived from the original on 11 November Retrieved 2 February July MIT Technology Review.
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Railgun - A Certain Scientific Railgun
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